Adaptive block optimization for more reliable photogrammetry

MetricAware

MetricAware is a proprietary optimization technology that operates per image, reducing post-alignment reprojection error to the sub-pixel level while preserving the geometry and connectivity of the photogrammetric block. MetricAware is available only as a service: after sending the photogrammetric images, the client receives an optimized block ready for import into Metashape or COLMAP.

image proj_initial proj_final proj_delta rms_re_initial rms_re_final rms_re_delta
DJI_20250524112820_0127_D 1625 1519 -106 (-6.52%) 1.65 0.70 -0.95 (-57.58%)
DJI_20250524112825_0128_D 2754 2605 -149 (-5.41%) 1.38 0.70 -0.68 (-49.28%)
DJI_20250524112830_0129_D 2736 2552 -184 (-6.72%) 1.84 0.68 -1.16 (-63.04%)
DJI_20250524112835_0130_D 3074 2905 -169 (-5.50%) 1.54 0.70 -0.84 (-54.55%)
DJI_20250524112840_0131_D 3601 3433 -168 (-4.67%) 1.46 0.69 -0.77 (-52.74%)
DJI_20250524112845_0132_D 3927 3777 -150 (-3.82%) 1.33 0.69 -0.64 (-48.12%)
DJI_20250524112850_0133_D 4272 4124 -148 (-3.46%) 1.38 0.68 -0.70 (-50.72%)
DJI_20250524112855_0134_D 4415 4285 -130 (-2.94%) 1.26 0.70 -0.56 (-44.44%)
DJI_20250524112900_0135_D 4569 4436 -133 (-2.91%) 1.30 0.67 -0.63 (-48.46%)
DJI_20250524112905_0136_D 4460 4335 -125 (-2.80%) 1.21 0.69 -0.52 (-42.98%)

Consistent results

MetricAware performs an adaptive optimization guided by the state of the photogrammetric block.

The table below reports the outcomes of two optimizations on the same image dataset after alignment with different reprojection-error targets. The worst-image RE, defined as the maximum per-image reprojection error among all images, has been substantially reduced, while the percentage of removed tie points, referring to the corresponding sparse cloud, indicates that this reduction has been achieved with limited impact on the tie-point network.

Run # Initial worst-image RE Final worst-image RE Tie points removed
19 2.14 px 0.99 px 0.25%
20 2.14 px 0.70 px 1.21%

Key benefits

CONFIDENCE

Per-image reprojection error at sub-pixel level is indicative of a consistent internal adjustment of the photogrammetric block, which raises confidence in metric analyses across the entire model.

INTEGRITY

Per-image reprojection error at sub-pixel level and balanced between images, together with a high redundancy of tie points, reduce the likelihood of geometrically weak regions, especially far from control points or within low-texture zones. A well-conditioned block in turn reduces the likelihood of noise, gaps, and local distortions in dense point clouds, meshes, and DEMs, supporting their reliability and interpretability.

COHERENCE

The reduction of per-image reprojection error at the sub-pixel level with a limited impact on the block’s redundancy supports the coherent refinement or extension of the orientation model, the update of control points, and the co-registration of multi-epoch surveys on the same site.

STANDARDIZATION

Replacing experience-based sparse-cloud heuristics with a block-level optimization process enables orientation results to be more comparable, reproducible, and documentable.

Beyond predefined quality metrics

Distinct optimization paradigm

In photogrammetric workflows, automatic tie-point pruning is commonly performed using ranking and filtering schemes based on predefined quality measures applied to the sparse reconstruction. These approaches, including multi-criteria and statistical methods, operate by evaluating observations against fixed thresholds or weighted quality indicators.

MetricAware implements a per-image adaptive optimization strategy in which, at each iteration, the worst-performing image is identified and, within that view, the observation set is refined by selectively prioritizing those that contribute most to the reprojection error, based on local impact estimates.

This combination of per-image targeting and local-impact-driven observation refinement preserves the integrity and stability of the tie-point network, delineating an optimization paradigm that goes beyond pruning schemes based on predefined quality metrics.

FAQ

How does the MetricAware optimization service work?

The customer sends the photogrammetric images (e.g. acquired via UAS). The images are aligned and the MetricAware optimization is applied to the photogrammetric block. Once the process is completed, the optimized block is provided to the customer.

At present, optimized blocks are compatible with Metashape or COLMAP. The customer specifies the target software when submitting the images. Support for additional photogrammetric software is planned.

Importing the optimized block into Metashape or COLMAP is effortless. As needed, assistance for this step is included in the MetricAware optimization service.

How much do errors at control points and/or check points decrease with MetricAware optimization?

MetricAware addresses the internal consistency of the photogrammetric block, independent of error metrics at control points or check points.

Are functions such as Gradual Selection equivalent to MetricAware?

No. Functions such as Gradual Selection rely on manual tie-point filtering based on global criteria and user-defined thresholds. Although this approach can reduce reprojection error, achieving sub-pixel performance often requires extensive trial-and-error and the behavior is not necessarily monotonic. Beyond a certain level of pruning, additional filtering may even worsen the reprojection error. Furthermore, this process tends to erode tie-point redundancy and weaken network robustness, increasing the risk of sparse cloud degradation.

The non-equivalence with MetricAware lies in the quality of the results, as well as in the controllability, repeatability, and robustness of the process itself.

How is MetricAware different from open-source automatic pruning tools?

Open-source automatic pruning tools, often sophisticated in geometric and numerical terms, can achieve a marked reduction of the reprojection error by accepting a structural compromise in the photogrammetric block.

MetricAware explicitly controls structural impact during the optimization process, rather than treating it as a consequence of filtering.

The difference does not concern the ambition of the reprojection error reduction, but the structural cost accepted in order to achieve it.

Does MetricAware remove the need for proper data acquisition?

No. MetricAware optimization provides measurable benefits even when the input imagery presents intrinsic limitations, by increasing the internal consistency of the photogrammetric block with respect to the available observations. However, the quality of the block remains constrained by the radiometric characteristics, acquisition geometry, and completeness of the image dataset.

Is MetricAware useful for UAS acquisitions using pre-calibrated cameras and RTK/PPK?

Yes. Pre-calibrated cameras and RTK/PPK systems can reduce the initial uncertainty of the photogrammetric block. However, they do not eliminate the possibility that the block may still exhibit internal metric inconsistencies.

MetricAware improves the internal consistency of the block after image alignment, independently of the calibration or georeferencing strategies adopted.

Why is MetricAware not available as software?

MetricAware is designed as a controlled algorithmic optimization process, rather than as a generic executable software.

Although the optimization core is automatic and adaptive, its effective application depends on contextual decisions, parameterization, and stopping conditions that require appropriate oversight and quality assurance.

For this reason, MetricAware is offered as a service. This allows the optimization to be applied consistently and responsibly.

How is the MetricAware optimization service priced?

Pricing is determined on a quotation basis, as projects with similar data volumes may have different requirements.

The value of MetricAware optimization lies in delivering a clear and defensible metric result that downstream processing can reliably depend on.

To summarize: pricing reflects responsibility, not volume.

In contexts of specific technical, scientific, or institutional interest, forms of project collaboration may be considered as an alternative to a purely commercial relationship, subject to clear objectives and mutual value.

How do you handle the confidentiality of photogrammetric images?

We don’t expect blind trust. Photogrammetric images are used exclusively for the execution of the requested activity and are not disclosed, transferred to third parties, or retained beyond what has been explicitly agreed.

Ileron has long-standing experience in the processing of industrial and technical data, including contexts with high informational sensitivity. Verifiable references are available upon request and include projects involving critical infrastructures, public administrations, large industrial groups, and defense-related technologies.

Concerns about sharing images for processing services are legitimate. Our responsibility is to ensure that data are handled strictly within the agreed scope and confidentiality constraints.

Keep in touch

CONTATTI

M +39 348 69 49 817
info@ileron.com

Ileron di Filippo Fiaschi
Headquarter Quarrata, Italy
Via Giovanni Falcone e Paolo Borsellino 40/C
P. IVA IT02376670465